Metabolism.
Metabolic reactions
IntroductionThere are a set of chemical reactions going on inside the human body which are life sustaining for us humans. And those reactions are termed in the category of metabolic reactions. The main purpose of metabolism can be summarized in the following three purposes;
in order to run cellular processes the food is converted to energy, food conversion for proteins and lipids building blocks and finally to eliminate the nitrogenous waste from the body. But this whole chain of life sustaining reactions can be disturbed by various group of metabolic diseases, amongest which Diabetes mellitus is of one category. Diabetes Mellitus results when there is some sort of defect in the secretion of insulin or its action and impact and at times both.
Diabetes not only has its effect on the person but the community is effected as well. As, the modern era is progressing in technology and accommodations more and more people and societies are adapting sedentary lifestyles and poor diet patterns which is progressively leading towards increased health issues. Furthermore, in an expecting mother, if the symptoms of early diabetes occur, there is an increased chance that her child may also be ill, this is characterized by Genetic Diabetes. In addition, Diabetes is alarming for the economy of developing countries.
Overview of Disease Pathology
Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) belongs to the group of metabolic diseases which inhibits the body’s ability to produce the hormone insulin. As a result the glucose levels inside the blood are elevated, since the carbohydrates are not metabolized. According to a research study, 380 million people are affected by it throughout the globe. Studies have shown that there are three types of diabetes: Type-1, 2 and Gestational.
The type-1 diabetes tells us that the immune system of the person is effected and compromised of performing its functions. Here, the cells fail to produce insulin in ample amounts to cope up with the body needs.
The most common type of Diabetes mellitus which is type 2. Type 2 diabetes tells us that there is a low amount of insulin being produced by the body and that the body has become incompatible to use insulin correctly.
Gestational Diabetes
It takes its toll in the pregnant woman. The woman under these circumstances develop high concentrations of blood sugar. This case may recur in later pregnancies. Later to gestational diabetes, there is a risk of development of type 1 or 2 diabetes.
The cause of type 1 diabetes are till time unknown as the studies show and so its prevention and treatment is a challenging task. For the type 2 diabetes, the studies show that genetic factors are a playing factor along with the lifestyle of a person. The main cause to consider here are the genetics. Here from the basic level, the chromosomes gets affected. The chromosomes 6 gets at least two mutant genes. The vitality of this chromosome is that it affects the behavior and response of body to various antigens. Furthermore, various studies on viruses and their effects have suggested that viruses like mumps, cytomegalovirus, rubella etc are linked to an increase risk of developing diabetes.